SwarmRSI：通过进化科学智能体集群实现递归自我改进

Authors:Qianru Meng, Xi Zhang, Konstantinos Papakostas, Congfeng Cao, Wenxiang Hu, Tianyi Lu, Xiao Zhang, Lun Zhou, Zaiqiao Meng, Zhaochun Ren, Xiaohui Yan, Yougang Lyu

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Abstract:Recursive self-improvement (RSI) in scientific research aims to improve agents' research capabilities through their own experimental experience. Scientific agent swarms can combine evidence and implementations from different research directions to guide their agents' subsequent experiments. However, poor experimental results can leave unclear whether to revise a hypothesis or its implementation, while overall program scores can hide components useful to other agents. To address these challenges, we introduce SwarmRSI, a framework that evolves scientific agent swarms for recursive self-improvement. We devise Feedback-Guided Swarm Mutation to refine hypotheses and their implementations using experimental feedback from other agents. We also propose Complementary Swarm Recombination to reuse retained hypotheses and complementary program components across agents, allowing partial results to support new research. Recursive Swarm Evolution integrates both mechanisms into a feedback loop, using new experimental evidence to guide subsequent research. Experiments on OpenProblems, NatureBench and MLE-Bench Lite demonstrate SwarmRSI's state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. Further evaluations show that accumulated research experience improves performance on held-out tasks. Biologists also reproduce its programs for follow-up biological analyses.

Subjects:	Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Cite as:	arXiv:2610.20431 [cs.AI]
	(or arXiv:2610.20431v1 [cs.AI] for this version)
	https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.20431 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Yougang Lyu [view email]
[v1] Wed, 14 Oct 2026 16:21:45 UTC (3,961 KB)