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Andrej Karpathy· @karpathy · X·· 2026-08-02AI 评分55
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Andrej Karpathy 给 Opus 5 一段《魔戒》开篇、1M token 预算(约 $10)并要求用 three.js 渲染,模型耗时约 2 小时写出 5500 行代码程序化渲染故事,效果粗糙但可运行。他认为这类任务体现 LLM 从“没人会花时间做”到“几乎免费就能做”的变化,并指出 LLM 无法高效原生感知视频或玩游戏,只能靠反复截图自查,多模态与游戏交互能力仍然欠缺。

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We're starting to leave the territory where you'd test an LLM by e.g. "create an svg of pelican on a bicycle". As one idea to generalize it, I was interested what Opus 5 would do if I gave it the first paragraph of the Lord of the Rings, a 1M token budget (~$10) and asked for three js render of it. Opus went off for ~2 hours and wrote 5500 lines of code that (procedurally) rendered the story. It's kind of janky but fun. But it's a bit mindboggling that the LLM has to place and orchestrate various polygon assets in (x,y,z) coordinates and write code that animates it all, and that it even does anything at all.

I also like this kind of examples because no one in their right mind would ever spend the time to write something this custom but LLMs have all the stamina and patience in the world, so it's an example where we go from "no one would ever do this" to "sure, why not, it's ~free". There might be a lot more. But I'm excited about creating hyper custom worlds that you can imagine dropping players into, e.g. here to participate in the LoTR story as a spectator NPC, or one of the characters, or etc. Something like an ephemeral GTA of X on demand.

Last thought is that the domain of worlds/games exposes a weakness in LLMs: they can't easily audit their work because they aren't able to efficiently and natively perceive videos or play games within them. Here, Opus 5 had to very slowly and painstakingly take screenshots at different points, and it messed up a few times and created a bunch of jank. An example of raw capability (multimodal, gameplay) that I think is still quite lacking.

来源:Andrej Karpathy · x.com